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Political groups in the Chamber of Deputies and similar groups in the lower chambers of foreign parliaments
Adamov, Jan ; Syllová, Jindřiška (advisor) ; Kudrna, Jan (referee)
Political groups in the Chamber of Deputies and similar groups in the lower chambers of foreign parliaments Abstract The aim of this paper was to present the historical development of political groups within the framework of Czechoslovak and Czech parliamentarianism, in that the emphasis was placed on the legal regulation of political groups within individual rules of procedure, taking into account their actual application in practice. Although the legal regulation of political groups was very stark and sketchy in the First Republic, it proved to be the case that it was precisely during this period that political groups were key actors in the National Assembly. While today's political groups do have an irreplaceable role in the constitutional system of the Czech Republic, they do not achieve such dominance in the lower chamber of parliament as was the case at the beginning of Czechoslovak statehood. However, the hegemony of the First Republic's political groups was brought about by a departure from certain electoral and constitutional principles, particularly as regards the free mandate. The parliamentary system in the First Republic was based on close cooperation between representatives of political parties at the National Assembly, in that this cooperation took place at the level envisaged in the rules of...
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Parliamentary structure: is there an optimal model?
Holeček, Adam ; Kysela, Jan (advisor) ; Ondřejková, Jana (referee)
Parliamentary structure: is there an optimal model? Abstract The diploma thesis on the topic "Parliamentary structure: is there an optimal model?" deals with the question of the ideal model of the composition of the parliament in terms of the number of its chambers. Its aim is to provide an overview of the various possibilities that have emerged, whether in history or the world today. From this it tries to draw conclusions for the answer to the question whether to prefer unicameralism or bicameralism. The issue is then transferred to the context of the Czech Senate. The first chapter deals with the issue of the institute of parliament in general. It is focused on the definition of this term, which took on different meanings in different time epochs or in different places. Then it deals with the concept of parliamentary structure. The second chapter deals with the unicameral form of parliamentary structure, including its characteristics, historical and intellectual development. Subsequently, four specific and different examples of unicameral parliaments in the world are described. These are the parliaments of Slovakia, as an example of unicameralism in pure form, Iran, which is a case of a unicameral parliament with theocratic elements, Botswana, which has a tribal element, and the example of so- called...
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The Comparison of the voting systems and their effects in the elections to the Chambers of Deputies of the Parliaments of the First Czechoslovak Republic and the Czech Republic between 1989 and 1998
Křemen, Petr ; Lebeda, Tomáš (advisor) ; Lacina, Tomáš (referee)
The thesis presents voting systems of the First Czechoslovak Republic and the Czech Republic between 1989 and 1998. It tries to show their characteristics and effects. It's very interesting to see what effect it may have, when we change only one of variables of the voting system. For example, the Election treshold, which was set to 5% for the election to the Czech National Council and can significantly change the composition of the Czech National Council. It is most visible in the comparison with the system of the First Republic, where no such restrictions exist. The thesis deals firstly with proportional voting system in the first part, because both analyzed systems were proportional. In the next section we can read something about the researched systems and their specific setting of variables. On these basis the systems are then compared. The most important part of this thesis is the chapter about the effects of the voting systems on a party system. The thesis is based on the theoretical framework by Giovanni Sartori and used to examine the indexes of proportionality and of fragmentation. The result of research is to understand what the systems are similar and different in and the effects on a party system and on the behavior of voters.
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